Perfil dos casos de lesões por esforços repetitivos/distúrbios osteomusculares relacionados ao trabalho notificados na região nordeste do brasil, 2010 a 2019 / Profile of cases of repetitive stress injuries/work-related musculoskeletaldisorders reported in the Northeast Region of Brazil, 2010 to 2019 / Perfil de los casos de lesiones por esfuerzos repetitivos/trastornos musculoesqueléticos relacionadoscon el trabajo notificados en la Región Noreste de Brasil, 2010 a 2019

Introdução:AsLesões por Esforços Repetitivos/Distúrbios Osteomusculares Relacionados ao Trabalho representam um problema de saúde que acomete várias categorias de trabalhadores e apresentam relação com a organização do trabalho, o ambiente do trabalho, condições ambientais e fatores biopsicossociais. Objetivo:descrever os casos notificados de Lesões por Esforços Repetitivos/Distúrbios Osteomusculares Relacionados ao Trabalhona Região Nordeste do Brasil, no período de 2010 a 2019.Metodologia:estudo descritivo, ecológico, de abordagem quantitativa, com dados secundários do Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificações. Utilizou-se o software Statistical Package for Social Science versão 20 para a análise estatística descritiva e o software Qgisversão 3.10.7para a análise espacial. Resultados:A amostra foi composta por 14.484 notificações. Evidenciou-se que os estados da Bahia (42,0%) e Pernambuco (21,9%) foram os maiores notificadores. Verificou-se que os municípios de Salvador (15,2%) e Recife (11,5%) tiveram maior ocorrência de casos.Observou-se que a distribuição espacial dos casos deste agravoentre os municípios é desigual e concentrada. Os trabalhadores mais acometidos foram mulheres(59,6%); comfaixa etária dos 21 aos 40 anos (50,8%);comraça/cor preto/pardo (58,3%); e comensino médio completo (42,0%). Houve predomínio daocupação de alimentador de linha de produção (4,8%), trabalho formal(74,6%), sintoma de dor (91,9%)e diagnóstico delesões do ombro (31,7%). A maioria dos trabalhadores relatou afastamento do trabalho para o tratamento(65,3%), limitação e incapacidade para o exercício das tarefas (82,9%), movimentos repetitivos (88,3%) e incapacidadetemporária (66,1%).Conclusões:O Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificaçõesrepresenta um importante instrumento para caracterizar a saúde do trabalhador, mas observa-se a necessidade de melhores registros para favorecer a qualidade dos dados. Estudos neste sentido são necessários para subsidiar mais ações de vigilância e prevenção deste agravo (AU).

Introduction: Repetitive Strain Injuries/Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders represent a health problem that affects several categories of workers and are related to work organization, work environment, environmental conditions and biopsychosocial factors. Objective: to describe the reported cases of Repetitive Strain Injuries/Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders in the Northeast Region of Brazil (2010 ­2019).Methodology: descriptive, cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach, with secondary data from the Information System for Notifications of Diseases. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences software version 20 was used for the descriptive statistical analysis and the Qgis software version 3.10.7 for the spatial analysis. Results:The sample consisted of 14,484 notifications. Brazilian states as Bahia 42,0% and Pernambuco 21.9% registered more notifications. Moreover, municipalitiesas Salvador 15,2% and Recife 11,5% registered more cases. It was observed that the spatial distribution of cases of this condition among municipalities is uneven and concentrated. The most affected workers were women (59.6%); aged between 21 and 40 years (50.8%), with black/brown race/color (58.3%) and with complete secondary education (42.0%). There was a predominance of the occupation of production line feeder (4.8%), formal work (74.6%), pain symptom (91.9%) anddiagnosis of shoulder injuries (31.7%). Most workers reported absence from work for treatment (65.3%), limitation and inability to perform tasks (82.9%), performing repetitive movements (88.3%) and temporary disability (66.1 %). Conclusions: System for Notifications of Diseases represents an important instrument to characterize the health of workers, but there is a need for better records to favor data quality. Studies in this sense are needed to support more surveillance and prevention actions for this condition (AU).

Introducción:Las Lesiones por Esfuerzos Repetitivos/Disturbios Osteomusculares Relacionados al Trabajo representan un problema de salud que atacan a varios trabajadores y están relacionados con:organización del trabajo, ambiente laboral, condiciones ambientales y factores biopsicosociales. Objetivo: describir los casos notificados de Lesiones por Esfuerzos Repetitivos/Disturbios Osteomusculares Relacionados al Trabajo en la Región Noreste de Brasil(2010 ­2019). Metodología: estudio descriptivo, ecológico,de abordaje cuantitativo, con datos secundarios del Sistema de Información de Agravios de Notificaciones. Se utilizó el software Statistical Package for Social Science v.20 para el análisis estadístico descriptivo y el software Qgis v.3.10.7 para el análisis espacial. Resultados: La muestra fue compuesta por 14.484 notificaciones. Los estados con más notificadores fueron Bahía, 42,0% yPernambuco 21.9%. Losmunicipios con más casos fueron Salvador 15,2% y Recife 11,5%.Se observó que la distribución espacial de los casos de este agravio entre los municipios es desigual y concentrada. Los trabajadores que más sufrieron fueron las mujeres(59,6%);rango de edad de 21 a 40 años (50,8%), raza/color negro/mestizo (58,3%) y escolaridad completa (42,0%). Se destacan la ocupación de alimentador de línea de producción (4,8%), trabajo formal (74,6%), síntomas del dolor (91,9%) y diagnóstico de lesiones en el hombro(31,7%). La mayoría de los trabajadores relató licencia médica por tratamiento (65,3%), limitación e incapacidad para el ejercicio de tareas (82,9%), realización de movimientos repetitivos (88,3%) e incapacidad temporal (66,1%). Conclusiones: el Sistema de Información de Agravios de Notificaciones representa un importante instrumento para caracterizar la salud del trabajador, sin embargo, se observa la necesidad de mejores registros para favorecer la calidad de los datos. Son necesarios estudios en este campo para subsidiar más acciones de vigilancia y prevención a esta problemática (AU).

Toxoplasmosis outbreak in Brazil, 2006 - Revisited.

Waterborne outbreaks of human toxoplasmosis can have great magnitude due to the number of persons infected while smaller-scale outbreaks are also possible. This is a study based on a historical database investigating a toxoplasmosis outbreak occurred in 2006 in a residential community in São Luís, in the Brazilian state of Maranhão. Ninety of the 110 residents, employees and domestic helping persons had blood samples collected and tested. The diagnosis of toxoplasmosis was established by quantification of anti-Toxoplasma gondii immunoglobulin M and immunoglobulin G antibodies using enzyme immunoassay. The subjects were classified as past infection, acute/recent infection or seronegatives. The definition of acute infection was based on the presence of indicative symptoms and immunoglobulin M positivity. There were 33 cases of acute infection. The outbreak was concluded to be waterborne: consumption of faucet-mount filtered water was indicated as risk factor. We discuss the challenges of investigating waterborne toxoplasmosis outbreaks.

Spatial analysis of probable cases of dengue fever, chikungunya fever and zika virus infections in Maranhao State, Brazil.

Dengue fever, chikungunya fever, and zika virus infections are increasing public health problems in the world, the last two diseases having recently emerged in Brazil. This ecological study employed spatial analysis of probable cases of dengue fever, chikungunya fever, and zika virus infections reported to the National Mandatory Reporting System (SINAN) in Maranhao State from 2015 to 2016. The software GeoDa version 1.10 was used for calculating global and local Moran indices. The global Moran index identified a significant autocorrelation of incidence rates of dengue (I=0.10; p=0.009) and zika (I=0.07; p=0.03). The study found a positive spatial correlation between dengue and the population density (I=0.31; p<0.001) and a negative correlation with the Performance Index of Unified Health System (PIUHS) by basic care coverage (I=-0.08; p=0.01). Regarding chikungunya fever, there were positive spatial correlations with the population density (I=0.06; p=0.03) and the Municipal Human Development Index (MHDI) (I=0.10; p=0.002), and a negative correlation with the Gini index (I=-0.01; p<0.001) and the PIUHS by basic care coverage (I=-0.18; p<0.001). Lastly, we found positive spatial correlations between Zika virus infections and the population density (I=0.13; p=0.005) and the MHDI (I=0.12; p<0.001), as well as a negative correlation with the Gini index (I=-0.11; p<0.001) and the PIUHS by basic care coverage (I=-0.05; p=0.03). Our results suggest that several socio-demographic factors influenced the occurrence of dengue fever, chikungunya fever, and zika virus infections in Maranhao State.

Spatial-temporal analysis of dengue deaths: identifying social vulnerabilities

Abstract: INTRODUCTION Currently, dengue fever, chikungunya fever, and zika virus represent serious public health issues in Brazil, despite efforts to control the vector, the Aedes aegypti mosquito. METHODS: This was a descriptive and ecological study of dengue deaths occurring from 2002 to 2013 in São Luis, Maranhão, Brazil. Geoprocessing software was used to draw maps, linking the geo-referenced deaths with urban/social data at census tract level. RESULTS: There were 74 deaths, concentrated in areas of social vulnerability. CONCLUSIONS: The use of geo-technology tools pointed to a concentration of dengue deaths in specific intra-urban areas.

Análise dos casos de leishmaniose visceral utilizando técnicas de geoprocessamento / Analysis of cases of visceral leishmaniasis using geoprocessing technique

OBJETIVOS: analisar os casos de leishmaniose visceral (LV) notificados no estado do Maranhão entre os anos de 2007 e 2014 por meio de técnicas de geoprocessamento. MÉTODOS: a partir das notificações realizadas no período do estudo, foram elaborados gráficos e mapas temáticos utilizando técnicas de geoprocessamento. RESULTADOS: os anos de 2012 e 2013 destacam-se por apresentarem o menor e o maior número de casos, 504 e 1.119 respectivamente, porém não ficando distantes da média anual encontrada (815), considerada elevada. A distribuição cumulativa demonstra maior concentração de casos na região leste do Maranhão e nos municípios mais urbanizados. CONCLUSÃO: a análise dos mapas e gráficos revela a presença da LV em quase todos os municípios, mostrando os principais focos e caracterizando o estado como epidêmico para a doença. As ferramentas de geoprocessamento mostram-se úteis à saúde coletiva ao permitirem o mapeamento de doenças, avaliação de riscos, planejamento e avaliação de ações em saúde.

OBJECTIVES: analysis of cases of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) reported in the state of Maranhão between the years 2007 and 2014 using GIS techniques. METHODS: from the notifications made during the study period, were elaborated graphics and thematic maps using GIS techniques. RESULTS: the years 2012 and 2013 stand out for having the lowest and the highest number of cases 504 and 1,119 respectively, but not getting far the annual average found (815), considered high. The cumulative distribution shows a greater concentration of cases in the eastern region of Maranhão and municipalities with greater urbanization. CONCLUSION: The analysis of maps and graphics reveals the presence of VL in all almost municipalities, showing the focus and characterizing Maranhão as an epidemic state. The GIS techniques prove useful to public health as a tool to allow the mapping of diseases, risk assessment, planning and evaluation health actions.